Measuring real-world access barriers
Audit and survey methods that capture what patients experience when seeking care.
Administrative claims data describe who gets care but not who is turned away. Using secret-shopper audit designs and national facility surveys, I measure the supply side directly: which providers accept which patients, at what wait times, at what cost, and with what evidence-based options on offer. The methods began with addiction treatment access and now extend to primary care.
A persistent gap in health services research is that we observe the patients who successfully receive care but rarely those who could not get a foot in the door. Audit methods address that gap by measuring provider-side behavior directly: appointment availability, payer acceptance, wait times, intake practices, and whether evidence-based treatments are offered to the patients who call. My work has applied this approach across buprenorphine prescribers, residential addiction treatment facilities, adolescent treatment programs, psychiatric hospitals, and primary care for Medicare beneficiaries. Companion work uses national facility-level data to characterize the same access landscape at scale. Recent work extends these methods to general medical care, where consolidation and workforce shortages may be reshaping access in ways that are not fully visible in claims data alone.
Representative work
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Medicare Appointment Availability and Wait Times Vary Considerably Across Four Large US Urban Markets
Audit study of Medicare primary care across four major US urban markets; access varied widely by city and by organizational structure.
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Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Psychiatric Hospitals
National survey of US psychiatric hospitals on the availability of FDA-approved medications for opioid use disorder.
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Adolescent Residential Addiction Treatment in the US: Uneven Access, Waitlists, and High Costs
Audit of US adolescent residential addiction facilities documenting waitlists, daily costs, and large up-front payments.
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Treatments Used Among Adolescent Residential Addiction Treatment Facilities in the US, 2022
Companion research letter on which evidence-based treatments adolescent residential facilities offer.
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Admission Practices and Cost of Care for Opioid Use Disorder at Residential Addiction Treatment Programs in the US
Audit of US residential addiction programs revealing pre- evaluation admission offers, large up-front payments, and aggressive recruitment practices, including at accredited and licensed facilities.
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Therapies Offered at Residential Addiction Treatment Programs in the US
Research letter on the evidence-based therapies offered at residential addiction programs in the US.
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Access to office-based buprenorphine treatment in areas with high opioid-related mortality: an audit study
The seminal audit study of office-based buprenorphine access for uninsured and Medicaid-covered patients in six high- mortality US jurisdictions.